College Student Essay Samples Tips

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Essay on Codes of Practice - 1513 Words

Ethics and values apply to our personal and professional lives. Ethics are a notion of one’s actions, which originates from ideology of an individual doing what is right not wrong. According to the dictionary ethics is the â€Å"branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions.† These beliefs are amassed to help a person determine how their actions will be carried out. Ideals can be applied as values to a person’s way of living. There are people that view values as a personal code, and see them as a personal indication of their beliefs. Our professional values and ethics come from many†¦show more content†¦Consumers often associate company ethics with brand quality. Many codes also side with laws, for example as listed in the AANA Code of Ethics â€Å"Advertising or Marketing Communications shall comp ly with Commonwealth law and the law of the relevant State or Territory.† Within advertising codes of practice can be use to avoid complaints being made against a commercial after it has been printed and/or aired on radio or television. They are also in place to protect consumers from issues that are not suitable for all audiences, but it is impossible to please all consumers as everybody has different views. As is said by Jones and Van Putten (2008, p.98) â€Å"In many cases, there is not a definitive right and wrong; for example, it is often the case that we are dealing with controversial products or sensitive behaviours (e.g., contraceptives and sexual practices) and/or two principles which are seen to be right by different groups are in conflict (e.g., pro-life vs.pro-choice).† Differing from a code of practice is a code of Ethics is a companys voluntary belief in a set of morals, standards and proper behaviour for its operations, enforced by the businesss leaders. A code of ethics often focuses on social issues. ThisShow MoreRelatedApplication And Codes Of Practice1455 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing codes and ethics. The organisations that set standards and guidelines for nursing is key part in the creation of this profession s professional identity. These are specifically set to ensure patients receive the best quality of care and service. To also ensure that the set standards, guidelines and code of practices are withheld, the agencies monitor nurses and midwives to make sure that care and service provided are proper. Agencies that set these standards, guidelines and codes of practiceRead MoreLegislations And Codes Of Practice1590 Words   |  7 PagesLegislations and codes of practice help us to better understand the school policy in which we work. We are not expected to know all the details of each and every code and legislations but as a practitioner working with children, we need to identify the main one that has to do with promoting equality and valuing diversity in school. We need to show that we are aware of them in our practice. Each school must produce a range of policies which formally sets out the guideline and procedure for ensuringRead MoreThe Practice of Code Switching706 Words   |  3 Pagesor bilingual environment, use of code switching is a common practice. This research aims at finding the attitude of students towards code switching on daily conversation. Nipel (2006) investigates social culture linguistics where students frequently use code switching a lot as not to break a conversation that they are participating in. Therefore, code switching is always used by students who are from the same area and speak the same language. The definition of code switching has been suggested byRead MoreThe Regulatory Requirements, Codes Of Practice And Practice990 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 519 Develop Procedures and Practice to respond to Concerns and Complaints 1.1 Identify the regulatory requirements, codes of practice and relevant guidance for managing concerns and complaints in own company. The complaints policy for Affinity Home Care outlines the following aims: ïÆ'Ëœ To resolve concerns / complaints as quickly and effectively as possible, through an informal response by a frontline member of staff. If this is not possible then through a more formal investigation and conciliationRead MoreGscc Code of Practice.3114 Words   |  13 PagesGSCC Code of Practice GSCC Code of Practice The GSCC code of practice is a list of statements for care workers that describe the standards of professional conduct and practice required for care workers as they go about their daily work. The GSCC Code of practice consists of 6 care value bases. They are; 1) As a care worker, you must protect the rights and promote the interests of service users and carers. 2) As a care worker, you must strive to establish and maintain the trust and confidenceRead MoreThe Role Of The Nmc And The Code Of Practice919 Words   |  4 Pagesnursing. Key terminologies such as regulation and Mental Health Nursing, confidentiality, advocacy, person centered care, fitness to practice, accountability and whistleblowing will be considered and at the same time stating their significance in nursing profession. Furthermore the Author will briefly outline the responsibilities of the NMC and the code of practice. It will then look at by the Mental Health user’s duty to maintain confidentiality and what happen to a care worker if they break confidentialityRead MoreProfessional Codes And Standards Of Practice1258 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach to address the case is necessary to reach the solution. Several of the most important techniques is to fully acknowledge the problem by gathering all of the facts, using problem-solving methods, and appealing to professi onal codes and standards of practice. In this paper, the following scenario will be addressed and analyzed: Professor Xavier is a tenured professor of engineering who teaches at a large institution as a licensed professional engineer. One of his students, Jean Grey, tellsRead MoreThe Ethics And Code Of Workplace Practices1683 Words   |  7 Pagesof environmentally sound principles (David and Santillo 2007) BACKGROUND Nikes company issues was transparent ,perceive and concise ,Nike came under severe criticism from media over the ethics and code of workplace practices ,this includes problems of child labors ,workmen ship unethical practices ,unsafe working conditions ,wage rate ,excessive overtime restrictions on organization and environmental impacts ,watching its reputation sullied by stories of abuse Nike began to see its profit dip andRead MoreThe Codes Of Practices Within The Uk2145 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction In this piece of work we will be looking briefly at the different codes of practices established in the UK about corporate governance, merging in it actual data from one of the largest low cost airlines in Europe and analyzing through a few scandals the issues they have to manage its business, therefore come to a conclusion on how they should be overcoming this difficulties. Some theories about CG will be presented in a brief manner, linking them to the way the chosen company has beenRead MoreSen Code Of Practice Essay892 Words   |  4 Pagesï‚ § The group will have regard to SEN Code of Practice for Wales (2002)(http://wales.gov.uk) and the Disability Discrimination Act (1995) and equality act 2010 on the Identification, Assessment and Education of Children with Special Educational Needs. This is a statutory requirement ï‚ § Staff, helpers, parents/carers and visitors who have additional needs will be welcomed and supported by our groups, in keeping with the Equal Opportunities Policy, with the needs of the children being of paramount importance

Leadership Styles and Motivational Model-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Critically discuss the role of motivation in project management utilising appropriate theoretical models to identify how project staff can be motivated. Include in your answer a discussion of the way motivation develops and the role of leadership and communication in this process. Answer: Introduction The development of technology has been providing scope for the development of the operations and it has also provided simplification of the activities for better improvement (Ahmad et al. 2014). The integration of the technology and proficiency has been helpful for forming the deployment of the improved operations. However, a project is largely dependent on the alignment of the activities and formation of the improved functions. According to Galperin et al. (2014), the leadership plays a crucial role in bringing the project team members and motivating them for improving their services. The following assignment has been helpful for developing the complete analysis of the leadership and motivation in the project team member. The project team members are assigned for ensuring that the project team are assigned for the project development. However, due to circumstances and issues, the team members would have to form the development of the operations. The report would explain about the leadership and motivation, their types and models, and the application of the motivational model for the issues of the project team management. Brief about case study The projects require a number of resources (including human) for successful completion of the project. The case study depicts the issues faced due to the problems of project team members. Tom and Harriet are the two project team members that have been causing issues for the smooth operations of the project for the project manager. The analysis has shown that Tom has less work experience, late comer, take off early, chit-chat most of the time, and non-responsive. On the other hand Harriet, in spite of experience, had shown no interest in project and taken leave due to sickness or family issues. Explanation of Leadership and Motivation According to Andersen et al. (2015), Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates it towards goals. Leadership can be simply considered as the art by which an executive or manager can ensure project success by directing, guiding, and influencing the working habit and behaviour of the team members. The leaders act to ensure that the main motive or goal of the organization would be achieved as required. The project managers have to act as leaders for the project so that they can help in encouraging the project team to work more efficiently and effectively. The managers induce their subordinates for working with zeal and confidence. Leadership provides the potential to influence others and the capacity for influencing the group of people for realizing the goal (Tabrizi, Torkfar and Jamshidian 2014). The leadership is an interpersonal process for guiding and influencing the work ers for attainment of the project objectives. The implication of the leadership would be implied for ensuring that the efficiency of the project is increased cohesively and helpful for achieving the organizational goals. The leaders are prone to initiate action and develop policies for initiating the work (Anra and Yamin 2017). The leaders act as incentive for the working progress of the concern person and motivate the workers by providing them with non-economic and economic benefits for getting the work done. Some of the features of leadership are creation of confidence, guidance to the subordinates, building morale, work environment development, and co-ordination. The leadership skills also include the communication strategy and it would also provide the option for the development of the functions of increasing the proficiency of work. The motivation is an adjective word which is derived from motive and it means the desires, needs, drives, or wants within the individuals (Syafii, Thoyib and Nimran 2015). The process of stimulating the people for accomplishing the goals due to the actions is in context to the psychological factor. The factors that affect the motivation in humans are desire for money, recognition, success, team work, and job satisfaction. The most important functions of the management is to create a sense of willingness among the project team for performing better. The way toward animating the general population for achieving the objectives because of the activities is in setting to the mental factor. The components that influence the inspiration in people are want for cash, acknowledgment, achievement, collaboration, and occupation fulfilment. The most vital elements of the administration is to make a feeling of ability among the venture group for performing better. The undertaking administrators ne ed to go about as pioneers for the venture with the goal that they can help in urging the task group to work all the more proficiently and adequately (Parker and Welch 2013). The supervisors instigate their subordinates for working with enthusiasm and certainty. Administration gives the possibility to impact others and the limit with respect to affecting the gathering of individuals for understanding the objective. The motivation is a relational procedure for managing and impacting the team members for achievement of the undertaking targets (Krause 2015). The development of the initiative would be inferred for guaranteeing that the effectiveness of the undertaking is expanded strongly and supportive for accomplishing the authoritative objectives. The pioneers are inclined to start activity and create approaches for starting the work. The pioneers go about as motivator for the working advancement of the worry individual and persuade the team members by furnishing them with non-monetary and financial advantages for completing the work. A portion of the highlights of administration are formation of certainty, direction to the subordinates, building assurance, workplace improvement, and co-appointment. The initiative abilities additionally incorporate the correspondence system and it would likewise give the choice to the improvement of the elements of expanding the capability of work. Different types of Leadership Styles and Motivational model There are five types of leadership styles that can be used for the given project scenario and they have specific characteristics depending upon the different styles of working environment (Northouse 2015). The culture and goal helps in determining the selection of leadership styles for the project team. Following are the five leadership styles: Transformational Leadership: The transformational leadership is implied for the deployment of the operations and integration of the profound system development (Cristofaro 2014). The high level management is implied for forming the development of the mass communication for the development of the operations and integration of the system. The transformational leadership is implied when the leaders motivate the employees and production is enhanced for the high visibility and communication. Autocratic Leadership: The managers of the autocratic leadership style are the sole decision maker of the operations (Budhathoki and Haythornthwaite 2013). The leadership style doesnt involve any opinion from others. The total authority of the managers is the basic function of this leadership style. The autocratic leadership is formed for ensuring that the power remains concentric at manager. The autocratic leadership is implied for small business enterprises where the overall number of operations is less and the scope of management of the business is limited. Laissez-Faire Leadership: Laissez-Faire leadership style is independent of the direct supervision forming the independent employee requirement (Vassena et al. 2017). The leadership style does not require any supervision as the employees are highly trained and experienced. The leadership style cannot be implemented always as all the employs are not equally trained and experienced. The employees that require supervision could not get the benefit of development and growth in this leadership style. The large scale industries imply it for ensuring that the operations of the organization are implied on time. The overall number of activities and operations are huge in number and hence it would require the support of the individual employees. Transactional Leadership: The transactional leadership is applied for certain activities where the managers would provide the reward or penalty to the employee depending upon the activities (Lester 2013). The managers imply this kind of leadership for the achievement of the predetermined goals and option and it is helpful for ensuring that the manager possess the results and review technique for the members who fail to meet the goals. They are also provided with rewards for the achievement of the goals and objectives. Participative Leadership: Participative Leadership is applied when all the team members of the project are equally responsible for the development of the operation (Cao et al. 2013). The participative leadership is helpful for managing the activities of the large scale industries and it would allow the implication of the shared decision making for the people of the organization. The Participative leadership would allow the support of the team members for the taking of the decisions and implication of the improved operations. The participative leadership is formed for forming the alignment of the decision making process. There are three major models of motivation followed in the management system for motivating the project team members and allowing the managers for Maslows hierarchy of needs: This theory was developed by Maslow and the theory was based on the assumption that there are five needs within a human individual. These needs can be classified in an hierarchical form. The five needs of the Maslows hierarchy is explained below, Physiological needs- The physiological needs of water, air, food, shelter, and clothing is implied for developing the operations of the activities. The physiological needs of human are the basic entity for the project. Safety needs- The safety needs of the individual are the environmental, physical, and emotional protection and safety and it would involve the deployment of the security and protection to the employees. Social needs- The social needs are implied for caring, belonging to each other, love, and friendship. Esteem needs- The esteem needs include the factors of freedom, confidence, self-respect, achievement, and competence as the internal esteem and power, recognition, admiration, attention, and status as the external esteems. Self-actualization need-The realization of ones capability and potential for the progress and development is termed as self-actualization. The factor provide the opportunity for the development of the individual with the help of profound self-contentment and growth. Figure 1: Maslows hierarchy of needs (Source: Williams et al. 2015, pp-835) McGregor Theory X: McGregor Theory is based on one negative postulates of motivation namely theory X and one positive postulates of motivation namely theory Y (Chu and Kuo 2015). The assumptions of these theories is given below, Assumption of theory X- The average employee would not work successfully as they do not like work and try to avoid it. It is required for persuading and compelling the employee so that they can work successfully. The close supervision is required for the workers to work successfully. The employees take job security as primary instead of the aspiration and ambition. Employees dislike responsibilities. Assumption of theory Y- The employees perceive the job relaxing and normal with exercising on the mental and physical efforts. Employees not only require threat and external control for working. The rewarding jobs provide scope for the improvement of the operations and engage in the working schedule. Herzberg Hygiene Factors: Herzberg has classified the motivation in his two factor theory of motivation and the theory points that some factors of job provide satisfaction while some prevents dissatisfaction (Alshmemri, Shahwan-Akl and Maude 2017). Hygiene factors are those activity factors which are basic for presence of inspiration at working environment. These don't prompt positive fulfilment for long haul. However, in the event that these components are truant/if these variables are non-existent at working environment; at that point they prompt disappointment. As indicated by Herzberg, the Hygiene factors can't be viewed as motivations. The motivational components yield positive fulfilment. These elements are inborn to work. These components inspire the representatives for an unrivalled execution. These variables are called motivators. These are factors engaged with playing out the activity (Ali 2013). Representatives discover these variables naturally fulfilling. The inspiratio ns symbolized the mental needs that were seen as an extra advantage. Figure 2: Herzberg Hygiene Factors of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction (Source: Williams et al. 2015, pp-831) Application of motivational model for team members The analysis has shown that Tom has less work experience, late comer, take off early, chit-chat most of the time, and non-responsive. On the other hand Harriet, in spite of experience, had shown no interest in project and taken leave due to sickness or family issues. The project managers would have to apply Maslows hierarchy of needs for ensuring that they work to attain the objective of the project. As indicated by Maslow, people are propelled by unsatisfied necessities (Strachan et al. 2015). As each of these requirements is essentially fulfilled, it drives and powers the following need to develop. Maslow gathered the five needs into two classes - Higher-arrange needs and Lower-arrange needs. The physiological and the security needs constituted the lower-arrange needs. These lower-arrange needs are chiefly fulfilled remotely. The social, regard, and self-realization needs constituted the higher-arrange needs. These higher-arrange needs are for the most part fulfilled inside, i.e., inside a person. The benefit of applying the Maslows hierarchy of needs on Tom and Harriet are, To the extent the physiological needs are concerned, the project manager should give them suitable compensations to buy the fundamental necessities of life. Breaks and outing openings ought to be given to them. To the extent the wellbeing needs are concerned, the project manager ought to give them professional stability, sheltered and clean workplace and retirement benefits in order to hold them. To the extent social needs are concerned, the project manager ought to empower cooperation and sort out get-togethers. To the extent self-completion needs are concerned, the project manager can give Tom and Harriet testing occupations in which the representatives' aptitudes and skills are completely used. Impact of Leadership and Motivation on the team members The development of leadership style would be inferred for guaranteeing that the proficiency of the undertaking is expanded strongly and supportive for accomplishing the authoritative objectives. The pioneers are inclined to start activity and create approaches for starting the work (Budhathoki and Haythornthwaite 2013). The pioneers go about as impetus for the working advancement of the worry individual and spur the specialists by giving them non-monetary and financial advantages for completing the work. A portion of the highlights of authority are formation of certainty, direction to the subordinates, building resolve, workplace advancement, and co-appointment. The initiative aptitudes additionally incorporate the correspondence procedure and it would likewise give the choice to the improvement of the elements of expanding the capability of work. The pioneers demonstration to guarantee that the primary thought process or objective of the association would be accomplished as required. The undertaking chiefs need to go about as pioneers for the venture with the goal that they can help in urging the task group to work all the more productively and viably (Northouse 2015). The administrators initiate their subordinates for working with enthusiasm and certainty. Administration gives the possibility to impact others and the limit with respect to affecting the gathering of individuals for understanding the objective. The authority is a relational procedure for controlling and affecting the specialists for achievement of the venture goals. The components that influence the motivation in people are desire for cash, acknowledgment, achievement, cooperation, and employment fulfilment. The most imperative elements of the administration are to make a feeling of eagerness among the task group for performing better (Anra and Yamin 2017). The route toward vitalizing the overall public for accomplishing the goals in view of the exercises is in setting to the mental factor. The parts that impact the motivation in individuals are need for money, affirmation, accomplishment, joint effort, and occupation satisfaction. The most fundamental components of the organization is to influence a sentiment capacity among the dare to gather for performing better. The endeavor managers need to go about as pioneers for the wander with the objective that they can help in asking the assignment gathering to work more capably and satisfactorily. The managers incite their subordinates for working with excitement and assurance. Organization gives the likelihood to affect others and the utmost as for influencing the get-together of people for understanding the target. The motivation is a social system for overseeing and affecting the colleagues for accomplishment of the endeavour targets (Tabrizi, Torkfar and Jamshidian 2014). The advancement of the activity would be gathered for ensuring that the viability of the endeavour is extended unequivocally and strong for finishing the definitive targets. The pioneers are slated to begin movement and make approaches for beginning the work. The pioneers go about as inspiration for the working headway of the stress individual and influence the colleagues by outfitting them with non-money related and monetary points of interest for finishing the work Conclusion It can be concluded from the study that the leadership and motivation a crucial role in development and achievement of the project goals and objectives. The analysis of case study had shown that Tom had less work experience, late comer, take off early, chit-chat most of the time, and non-responsive. On the other hand Harriet, in spite of experience, had shown no interest in project and taken leave due to sickness or family issues. The project managers had applied Maslows hierarchy of needs for ensuring that they work to attain the objective of the project. The application of the Maslows hierarchy of needs on Tom and Harriet had resulted in forming suitable compensations to buy the fundamental necessities of life, breaks and outing openings, give them professional stability, sheltered and clean workplace and retirement benefits, empower cooperation and sort out get-togethers, acknowledge and compensate them on finishing and surpassing their objectives. References Ahmad, F., Abbas, T., Latif, S. and Rasheed, A., 2014. Impact of transformational leadership on employee motivation in telecommunication sector.Journal of management policies and practices,2(2), pp.11-25. Ali, N., 2013. Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Applicability on Teachers.Journal of Managerial Sciences,7(1). Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L. and Maude, P., 2017. Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory.Life Science Journal,14(5). Andersen, L.B., Bjrnholt, B., Bro, L.L. and Holm-Petersen, C., 2015. Open Conference Systems Leadership, motivation and span of control: A qualitative multi-level study of transformational leadership and public service motivation in organizations with different numbers of employees per leader. Anra, Y. and Yamin, M., 2017. Relationships between Lecturer Performance, Organizational Culture, Leadership, and Achievement Motivation.,11(2 (eng)). Budhathoki, N.R. and Haythornthwaite, C., 2013. Motivation for open collaboration: Crowd and community models and the case of OpenStreetMap.American Behavioral Scientist,57(5), pp.548-575. Cao, H., Jiang, J., Oh, L.B., Li, H., Liao, X. and Chen, Z., 2013. A Maslow's hierarchy of needs analysis of social networking services continuance.Journal of Service Management,24(2), pp.170-190. Chu, H.C. and Kuo, T.Y., 2015. Testing Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory in Educational Settings in Taiwan.The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning,11(1), pp.54-65. Cristofaro, S., 2014. Competing motivation models and diachrony: what evidence for what motivations?.Competing motivations in grammar and usage, pp.282-298. Davis, K., 1973. The case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities.Academy of Management journal,16(2), pp.312-322. Galperin, B.L., Lituchy, T., Acquaah, M., Bewaji, T. and Ford, D., 2014. Effective Leadership and Motivation in the African Diaspora (LEAD): The Case of the United States and Canada.AFRICA ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT, p.262. Krause, D.E., 2015. Four types of leadership and orchestra quality.Nonprofit Management and Leadership,25(4), pp.431-447. Lester, D., 2013. Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Psychological Reports,113(1), pp.15-17. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Parker, M. and Welch, E.W., 2013. Professional networks, science ability, and gender determinants of three types of leadership in academic science and engineering.The Leadership Quarterly,24(2), pp.332-348. Strachan, D.L., Kllander, K., Nakirunda, M., Ndima, S., Muiambo, A. and Hill, Z., 2015. Using theory and formative research to design interventions to improve community health worker motivation, retention and performance in Mozambique and Uganda.Human resources for health,13(1), p.25. Syafii, L.I., Thoyib, A. and Nimran, U., 2015. The Role of Corporate Culture and Employee Motivation as a Mediating Variable of Leadership Style Related with the Employee Performance (Studies in Perum Perhutani).Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,211, pp.1142-1147. Tabrizi, M., Torkfar, A. and Jamshidian, L., 2014. Investigating the relationship between Leadership styles of coaches and motivation to participate in womens sports team of Bandar Abbas. Vassena, E., Deraeve, J. and Alexander, W.H., 2017. Predicting motivation: computational models of PFC can explain neural coding of motivation and effort-based decision-making in health and disease.Journal of cognitive neuroscience,29(10), pp.1633-1645. Williams, L., Rasmussen, S., Kleczkowski, A., Maharaj, S. and Cairns, N., 2015. Protection motivation theory and social distancing behaviour in response to a simulated infectious disease epidemic.Psychology, health medicine,20(7), pp.832-837.

The Supreme Sir Isaac Newton Essays - Copernican Revolution

The Supreme Sir Isaac Newton The Supreme Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was the greatest and most prominent physicist to ever walk upon the Earth's surface, yet we have the Anti-Newtonians who say that Sir Isaac Newton should not be considered the greatest/most influential physicist of the past or present. However, in Dr. Michael Harts book The 100 Most Influential People in History Sir Isaac Newton is listed as the second most substantial person in history with Muhammad being the first, and Jesus Christ being the third. Surely it must take a great man to reach a status higher than Jesus Christ! So what was it that Sir Isaac Newton did to elevate himself above the other physicists of yesterday and today such as: Thales of Miletus (625-545 B.C), Tycho Brahe (1546-1601), Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Albert Einstein (1879-1955), James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), and Richard Feynman (1918-1988)? The answer to this question can be found within Sir Isaac Newton's gathering of the laws and theories of the physicists before him that w ere to be used in the development of his own three laws of motion. These three laws paved the way for the physicists of the future, and still lie at the heart of almost every modern day physics problem. Michael Write the author of Isaac Newton The Last Sorcerer states ?It is no exaggeration to say that almost everything we do in the modern world is based upon Sir Isaac Newton's enormous achievements and that this position is justified by his unparallel contributions to science.? (p.363) The donations to science that made Sir Isaac Newton the most renowned physicist in history also molded and enhanced mankind's view of the world around them. Daniel Orange, PhD., and Gregg Stebben say, ?The genius of Newton's laws made it possible to predict the behavior of anything mechanical that the eye can see? reducing the complex world to a simple machine much like a car, a bike, or an egg beater.? Although Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727, his great work continued to advance our knowledge of not o nly our planets machinelike properties, but of the other planetary bodies within our universe. In George Gamow's book The Great Physicists from Galileo to Einstein It is written ?The development of Newton's work carried out by great mathematicians of the 18th and 19th centuries have allowed us to calculate with great precision the motion of the planets of the solar systems under the action of mutual gravitational attraction.? (p.62) So as one can see, Sir Isaac Newton's guidance helped us to achieve the last 600 years of scientific enlightenment, and as Alexander Pope once said ? Nature and nature's laws lay hid in the night: God said, Let NEWTON BE and all was light.? Bibliography Not really a essay. More or less it is a short paragraph I wrote for developmental english. Physics

Essay on cerebral palsy

Essay on cerebral palsy Essay on cerebral palsy Cerebral Palsy In the 1860s, an English surgeon named William Little wrote the first medical descriptions of a puzzling disorder that struck children in the first years of life, causing stiff, spastic muscles in their legs and, in their arms. The disorder, which was called Little's disease for many years, is now known as Cerebral Palsy. Cerebral Palsy is any one of a number of neurological disorders that appear in infancy or childhood and permanently affect the body movement and muscle coordination but does not worsen over time. The three types of Cerebral Palsy are Spastic, Athetoid, and Ataxic. Spastic Cerebral Palsy is stiffness and movement disabilities. Athetoid Cerebral Palsy leads to involuntary and uncontrolled movements. Ataxic Cerebral Palsy is a disturbed since of balance and depth perception. Most people think that Cerebral Palsy is caused by problems in the muscles but they are wrong. It is caused by abnormalities in parts of the brain that controls the movement of your muscles . In most cases of Cerebral Palsy the child is born with it but sometimes it won’t be detected until months or years later. There are a small number of children that get Cerebral Palsy from brain damage including child abuse, a fall, a motor vehicle accident, viral encephalitis, or bacterial meningitis. Early signs of Cerebral Palsy usually happen before the age of three. Some signs are lack of muscle coordination when performing voluntary movements, stiff or tight muscles, walking with one foot or leg dragging, walking on toes, and muscle tone that is too stiff or too floppy. One important cause is an insufficient amount of oxygen reaching the fetal or newborn brain. Oxygen supply can be interrupted by premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus, awkward birth position of the baby, labor that is too long or too abrupt, or interference with circulation in the umbilical cord. Premature birth, low birth weight, RH or A-B-O blood type incompatibility between mother and infant, infection of the mother with German measles or other virus diseases in early pregnancy, and microorganisms that attack the infant's central nervous system also are risk factors for cerebral palsy. Cerebral Palsy can be diagnosed very early in a baby due to premature birth or other health problems. Doctors like to follow these children closely from birth so they can identify any problems with muscle functions. In some cases it may be very difficult to diagnose a child with Cerebral Palsy within the first year of life. The doctors have to wait until they see a delay in normal developmental milestones, such as reaching for toys or sitting up. If the developmental milestones are mildly delayed they might not be diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy until they are a toddler. Parents who are concerned about their baby's development for any reason should contact their pediatrician. A doctor can determine the difference between a normal lag in development and a delay that could indicate cerebral palsy. There is treatment for Cerebral Palsy but it can not but fully cured. However, secondary conditions can develop which may get better over time, get worse, or remain the same. If you have Cerebral Palsy you can go through therapy, surgeries, or take medical drugs in some cases to help out. Some patients take drugs to relax muscle spasms, control seizures, and take away pain. Some patients have surgery to release tight muscles or correct anatomical abnormalities. Some patients with Cerebral Palsy will also go through speech therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, counseling and behavioral therapy, and or braces and other orthotic devices. Depending on how severe the case of Cerebral palsy will depend on how sever the treatment will be, because on kid with Cerebral Palsy could just mildly walk awkward when another kid with Cerebral Palsy could not even be able to walk or talk and will need assistance with both. There are

Erich Hartmann - World War II Ace - Luftwaffe

Erich Hartmann - World War II Ace - Luftwaffe Erich Hartmann - Early Life Career: Born April 19, 1922, Erich Hartmann was the son of Dr. Alfred and Elisabeth Hartmann. Though born in Weissach, Wà ¼rttemberg, Hartmann and his family moved to Changsha, China shortly thereafter due to the severe economic depression that struck Germany in the years after World War I. Residing in a house on the Xiang River, the Hartmanns lived a quiet life while Alfred established his medical practice. This existence came to an end in 1928 when the family was forced to flee back to Germany following the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War. Sent to school in Weil im Schà ¶nbuch, Erich later attended schools in Bà ¶blingen, Rottweil, and Korntal. Erich Hartmann - Learning to Fly: As a child, Hartmann was first exposed to flying by his mother who was one of Germanys first female glider pilots. Learning from Elisabeth, he received his glider pilots license in 1936. That same year, she opened a flying school Weil im Schà ¶nbuch with the support of the Nazi government. Though young, Hartmann served as one of the schools instructors. Three years later, he earned his pilots license and was permitted to fly powered aircraft. With the beginning of World War II, Hartmann entered the Luftwaffe. Commencing training on October 1, 1940, he initially received an assignment to the 10th Flying Regiment in Neukuhren. The following year saw him move through a series of flight and fighter schools. n March 1942, Hartmann arrived at Zerbst-Anhalt for training on the Messerschmitt Bf 109. On March 31, he violated regulations by performing aerobatics over the airfield. Sanctioned to confinement and fines, the incident taught him self-discipline. In a twist of fate, the confinement saved Hartmanns life when a comrade was killed flying a training mission in his aircraft. Graduating in August, he had built a reputation as a skilled marksman and was assigned to Fighter Supply Group, East in Upper Silesia. In October, Hartmann received new orders assigning him to Jagdgeschwader 52 in Maykop, Soviet Union. Arriving on the Eastern Front, he was placed in Major Hubertus von Bonins III./JG 52 and mentored by Oberfeldwebel Edmund Roßmann. Erich Hartmann - Becoming an Ace: Entering combat on October 14, Hartmann performed poorly and crashed his Bf 109 when it ran out of fuel. For this transgression, von Bonin made him work for three days with the ground crew. Resuming combat flying, Hartmann scored his first kill on November 5 when he downed an Ilyushin Il-2. He shot down an additional aircraft before the end of the year. Gaining in skill and learning from skilled compatriots such as Alfred Grislawski and Walter Krupinski, Hartmann became more successful in early 1943. By the end of April he had become an ace and his tally stood at 11. Repeatedly encouraged to get closer to enemy aircraft by Krupinski, Hartmann developed his philosophy of when he [the enemy] fills the entire windscreen you cant miss. Using this approach, Hartmann began rapidly increasing his tally as Soviet aircraft fell before his guns. In the fighting that occurred during the Battle of Kursk that summer, his total reached 50. By August 19, Hartmann had downed another 40 Soviet aircraft. On that date, Hartmann was aiding in supporting a flight of Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers when the Germans encountered a large formation of Soviet aircraft. In the resulting fight, Hartmanns aircraft was badly damaged by debris and he came down behind enemy lines. Quickly captured, he feigned internal injuries and was placed in a truck. Later in the day, during a Stuka attack, Hartmann jumped his guard and escaped. Moving west, he successfully reached German lines and returned to his unit. Erich Hartmann - The Black Devil: Resuming combat operations, Hartmann was awarded the Knights Cross on October 29 when his kill total numbered 148. This number increased to 159 by January 1 and the first two months of 1944 saw him shoot down another 50 Soviet planes. An aerial celebrity on the Eastern Front, Hartmann was known by his call sign Karaya 1 and the distinctive black tulip design that was painted around the engine cowling of his aircraft. Feared by the Russians, they gave the German pilot the sobriquet The Black Devil and avoided combat when his Bf 109 was spotted. In March 1944, Hartmann and several other aces were ordered to Hitlers Berghof in Berchtesgaden to receive awards. At this time, Hartmann was presented with the Oak Leaves to the Knights Cross. Returning to JG 52, Hartmann began engaging American aircraft in the skies over Romania. Clashing with a group of P-51 Mustangs on May 21 near Bucharest, he scored his first two American kills. Four more fell to his guns on June 1 near PloieÅŸti. Continuing to run up his tally, he reached 274 on August 17 to become the top-scorer of the war. On the 24th, Hartmann downed 11 aircraft to reach 301 victories. In the wake of this achievement, Reichsmarschall Hermann Gà ¶ring immediately grounded him rather than risk his death and a blow to Luftwaffe morale. Summoned to the Wolfs Lair in Rastenburg, Hartmann was given the Diamonds to his Knights Cross by Hitler as well as a ten-day leave. During this period, the Luftwaffes Inspector of Fighters, Adolf Galland, met with Hartmann and asked him to transfer to the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet program. Erich Hartmann - Final Actions: Though flattered, Hartmann declined this invitation as he preferred to stay with JG 52. Galland again approached him in March 1945 with the same offer and was again rebuffed. Slowly increasing his total through the winter and spring, Hartmann reached 350 on April 17. With the war winding down, he scored his 352nd and final victory on May 8. Finding two Soviet fighters performing aerobatics on the last day of the war, he attacked and downed one. He was prevented in claiming the other by the arrival of American P-51s. Returning to base, he directed his men to destroy their aircraft before moving west to surrender to the US 90th Infantry Division. Though he had surrendered to the Americans, the terms of the Yalta Conference dictated that units that had largely fought on the Eastern Front were to capitulate to the Soviets. As a result, Hartmann and his men were turned over to the Red Army. Erich Hartmann - Postwar: Entering Soviet custody, Hartmann was threatened and interrogated on several occasions as the Red Army attempted to compel him to join the newly formed East German Air Force. Resisting, he was charged with bogus war crimes which included killing civilians, bombing a bread factory, and destroying Soviet aircraft. Found guilty after a show trial, Hartmann was sentenced to twenty-five years of hard labor. Moved between work camps, he was finally released in 1955 with the aid of West German Chancellor Conrad Adenauer. Returning to Germany, he was among the last prisoners of war to be released by the Soviet Union. After recovering from his ordeal, he joined the West German Bundesluftwaffe. Given command of the services first all-jet squadron, Jagdgeschwader 71 Richthofen, Hartmann had the noses of their Canadair F-86 Sabres painted with his distinctive black tulip design. In the early 1960s, Hartmann vigorously opposed the Bundesluftwaffes purchase and adoption of the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter as he believed the aircraft to be unsafe. Overruled, his concerns proved true when over 100 German pilots were lost in F-104-related accidents. Increasingly unpopular with his superiors due to continued criticism of the aircraft, Hartmann was forced into early retirement in 1970 with the rank of colonel. Becoming a flight instructor in Bonn, Hartmann flew demonstration shows with Galland until 1974. Grounded in 1980 due to heart problems, he resumed flying three years later. Increasingly withdrawing from public life, Hartmann died on September 20, 1993 in Weil im Schà ¶nbuch. The highest scoring ace of all-time, Hartmann was never downed by enemy fire and never had a wingman killed. Selected Sources Aces of World War II: Erich HartmannLuftwaffe: Erich HartmannWorld War II: Erich Hartmann

Medication Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medication Management - Case Study Example Dr. Mack's prescription could have been helpful with regards to its aim to alleviate the problems; however, most of the prescribed drugs, despite its aim to cure one problem, tend to complicate the others. Simvastatin could aggravate muscle cramps which have been presented by the patient. Simvastatin aims to lower blood cholesterol, and since the referral does not clarify if it was monitored, I would suggest that it would be necessary to do so. for the patient's worsening ischaemic heart disease, a maintenance drug such as Nifedifine (Calcigard) should be prescribed assured non-sensitive to it. However, blood pressure must be monitored because it is contraindicated to those with low systolic blood pressure. It should also be taken into consideration that Aspirin can worsen poor kidney function and breathing problems such as asthma. However, if the need for such drug persist, interic coated aspirin must be use instead; hence, the effect of Aspirin with regards, to her digestive problem (reflux) would be minimized. Ditropan despite its aim to solve stress incontinence should not be administered to patients with untreated glaucoma. Moreover, the patient presents gastric reflux that needs extra caution upon use of such medication. Seretide has been found to lower blood potassium level, thus monitoring of such blood electrolyte is necessary.

Immigrant Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Immigrant Culture - Assignment Example alues.†1 Similar to the other nations which accept multiculturalism, Canada provides ample importance to the amalgamation of different cultural characteristics. Still, immigrant population in Canada is allowed to preserve their traditional customs related to their unique cultural characteristics. This sort of cultural diversity is evident in the linguistic and religious diversity in the society. Apart from other nations in favor of multiculturalism, the immigration policy of this nation is so flexible that it is easier for immigrants to gain access to this nation. Nelson Wiseman stated that, â€Å"Many Canadian smugly assert that, though America pressures its immigrant minorities to abandon their customs, Canada celebrates group differences.†2 On the other side, the government provides ample importance to the idea of ‘Canadian identity’, disregarding cultural differences among the mass. Besides, the authorities know that discrimination based upon one’s cultural identity as the member of a specific immigrant group can result in further problems in the mainstream society. Alan Simmons stated that, â€Å"The imagined future of the nation underlying state policies was that of an industrially expanding, immigrant-welcoming, multicultural nation.†3 Within this scenario, the Canadian government provides importance to the process of acculturation a nd this is evident in the steps taken to create cohesive feeling between the dominant race and the immigrant population in the

Memoirs of C K Janu Against the Hegemony of the Ruling Class Essay Example for Free

Memoirs of C K Janu Against the Hegemony of the Ruling Class Essay C K Janu’s unfinished autobiography â€Å"Mother Foster: The Unfinished Story of C K Janu† which is translated by N Ravi Shankar is an eloquent testimony to her courage and her convictions. It is the recounting of her experience in her past. C K Janu is the prominent organic woman leader who managed to gain land for the tribals who were stamped under foot by the elites and the government. She is the leader of the Adivasi tribes who dedicated her youth for the betterment of the tribes. In the beginning she became a member of the communist party. Later she realised that the party cheated the tribal people and she left the party in1982. Later she organised a tribal meeting in South India in 1992 as a part of the reclamation of the land of the tribe. She incited and led the agitation by the tribal people. For this she was physically and mentally assaulted nine times by the Kerala police. In 1994 she was awarded as the best tribal social worker by the Government of Kerala. But she returned the award. She became the only Indian ambassador of India in the UN tribal conference. Even though illiterate she gave speeches in 120 countries. Later in 2001 the Government of Kerala signed an agreement with the tribal people, but did not keep it. The tribals protested against this in the land at Muthanga . This ended with a massive violence. Till now the cases are going on against her. She cooperated with national and international organisations for some time and now she spends time serving the tribes.

John Steinbecks East of Eden - Catherine as Monster :: East Eden Essays

Catherine as Monster in East of Eden In the novel, East of Eden by John Steinbeck, Catherine Ames is one of the main characters. She is introduced to the reader as a monster and as time goes on, she possesses both monster like and animal qualities. As Catherine she gets older and wiser, she gets more evil and displays her monster and animal like characteristics. She knows she is powerful and indestructible. She has manipulated and tricked many people her life causing them to go to the extreme... death. Catherine "Cathy" shows her evilness and her monster like behavior in many scenes throughout the book. Steinbeck illustrates Cathy as being a monster: "I believe there are monsters born in the world... It is my belief that Cathy Ames was born with the tendencies, or lack of them, which drove and forced her all of her life," (Steinbeck, 95-96). Cathy used this to her advantage by making people uneasy, but not so uneasy that they would not run away from her. Cathy was born with an innocent look that fooled many; she had golden blond hair, hazel eyes, a thin and delicate nose, and a small chin to make her face look heart shaped. According to the town Cathy lived, Cathy had a scent of sweetness, but that is just what Cathy wanted the town to see and think when Cathy planned her kill. "The fire broke out... the Ames house went up like a rocket†¦ Enough remained of Mr. and Mrs. Ames to make sure there were two bodies" (114-115). Cathy had set the house on fire and broke into the safe to steal the family's money. As the investigators scoped the place, they noticed that the bolts stuck out and there were no keys left in the locks. They knew it was not an accident. Cathy's body was never found, but the town assumed that she died. "If it had not been for Cathy's murder, the fire and robbery might have been a coincidence." Steinbeck, again, portrays the reader that Cathy is a monster: "When I said Cathy was a monster it seemed to me that it was so"(242). Steinbeck is reassuring the reader that Cathy is a monster and with the evidence before and after this statement. For example, Cathy later changes her name to Kate and runs a whorehouse.

Existentialism Is a Humanism Essay

Sartre is trying to defend existentialism against some disapproval to it. The Communist criticized existentialism as an invitation to people to take interest in hopeless world affairs. On the other hand, Christians reproached from the fact that people deny the need of attention in human affairs. People have the will to do anything they want and wish. With the example given, about ignoring the Ten Commandments, we can people deny the value of following the commandments and will only follow it if they wish. THE MEANING OF EXISTENTIALISM. According to Sartre, existentialism is a principle that provides human life possible. It also determines that every truth and action we know involves both an environmental and a human subjectivity. The two types of existentialist are the Christians and Existential Atheists. What they have in common is that they both believe in â€Å"existence comes before essence†, which means that a human has no predetermined essence or nature. â€Å"Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself. † If a man cannot define himself, then he is bound to happen that he is nothing. The paper-knife example talks about how an artisan conceptualized an object, how he paid close attention to it and knew what the purpose of the object would be. The paper-knife is existentially different from human because for Existential Atheists, which Sartre is included, man defines himself and not the creator that conceived him. RESPONSIBILITY An implication given in the lecture is how a being would be able to existence would come before its essence even if God does not exist. Sartre mentioned that there is no human nature because we define ourselves and not by any force that lives inside us. By Sartre saying that â€Å"in choosing for himself, he chooses for all men†, he means that when humans make decisions, it affirms that value of which he had chosen. The choices we consider are always the better, and nothing can be better for us unless it is better for all. When a human chooses to do something for himself, like marrying and have children, he is still creating and contributing an image for the whole the whole mankind. ANGUISH Existentialist frankly state that man is in anguish because he only decides for himself, not realizing that the whole mankind is resting upon his shoulders. When we are in verge of act, we should ask ourselves â€Å"What would happen if everyone did so? † In asking this, we would be able to fully re-evaluate the actions or decisions we’re about to do. In the story of Abraham and the hallucinating women, we are taught on how to ask ourselves with that question. It is not enough to do an act with merely hearing the command. We should prove to ourselves that what we are about to follow would be reasonable and just. ABANDONMENT Sartre said that if God did not to exist, nothing would really change. He believed that we would still have the same progress that we have now. But for the existentialist, they would be embarrassed because it disappears with God the possibility of finding values in an intelligible heaven. For Dostoevksy, if God did not exist, everything will be permitted. He said that human would be free from doing anything they wish. One will be never to be able to explain one’s action because he doesn’t have anything to refer to. On the other hand, he proposes that if God does not exist there wouldn’t be values or commands that will legitimize our behavior. Existentialists believe in the power of passion. They believe that man is responsible for his passion, not some drive that is hidden inside a man. The story of the student teaches us that we should trust our instinct. With his dilemma, whether to join the Forces or to stay with him mom, he based his decision on what he felt. Because he had been living with his mother, the value of feeling to be always by her side is developed. Thus, he chose not to live his mother. In addition, the Jesuit’s story tells us that through our decisions and action, we are bound to choose our own path and bear the entire responsibility. DESPAIR According to Sartre, the definition of despair is that â€Å"we limit ourselves to a reliance upon which is within our will, or within the sum of the probabilities which render our action feasible. † I think the reason why Sartre thought that when Descartes said, â€Å"Conquer yourself rather than the world,† what he meant was â€Å"we should act without hope† is because both statements are saying that we should be in control of ourselves. The Marxists believe that you can rely upon the help of others. That even when you die, other will still continue what you did and help. While Sartre’s argument is that he cannot fully trust those people he doesn’t know. Yes, he can entrust his works and life with his comrades and family, but not to strangers. Does that mean that I should abandon myself to quietism? NO. What we should do is to commit ourselves then act the commitment made. Sartre stated that man is nothing else than what he proposes. Because he hasn’t found anything yet he seeks, he continues to living until the day he found it. â€Å"You are nothing else but what you live†, this means that â€Å"a man is no other than a series of undertaking, that he is the sum, the organization, the set of relations that constitute these undertaking. † Behaviors of the people are caused by the actions happening in their environment upon them. The implication given was how a coward became a coward, and a hero became a hero. Being a coward is the act of giving up. How sternness of optimism here is seen on how a man can make himself a coward or hero, through his action and thinking. In the end, what counts is that â€Å"the destiny of man is placed within himself. † There wouldn’t be any hope or changes unless he starts doing something. SUBJECTIVITY What Sartre and Descartes both agree on is that truth must first have an absolute truth. If not, it will crumble into nothing. Sartre thinks that the theory alone is incompatible with the dignity of man because â€Å"it is the only one which does not make man into an object. † Their main aim of that view is to distinguish the human kingdom as pattern of values to that of the material world. THE OTHER Sartre believes that when we are trying to think to discover ourselves, we are to discover everything from others. To recognize oneself is to be recognize by other people. With â€Å"I cannot obtain any truth whatsoever about myself, except through the mediation of another†, Sartre is saying that we need other to seek the truth that we are trying to find. That being an individual is not enough to find the truth and identity. INTER-SUBJECTIVITY We should understand that â€Å"all the limitations which a priori define man’s fundamental situation in the universe. † The historical situation of every man is different from what they experienced. Human condition is saying that from having freedom, we are also entitled to take full responsibility of it. I think it is possible to understand and value something about all people because there is still universality, which mean that in somehow we can still understand things outside ourselves. BAD FAITH One of the implications are â€Å"every man realizes himself in realizing a type of humanity†, meaning that if a man decides to classify himself, he would be able to realizes himself. There is no difference between free being and absolute being. Lying to yourself by saying that it doesn’t matter to you is a bad faith. It is wrong to say that what you choose doesn’t matter to you. People can always choose, but in not choosing is still a choice. â€Å"†¦without reference to any pre-established value, but it is unjust to tax him with caprice. † I do agree what he is trying to say here. Because he has no knowledge of a pre-established value, there is no sudden change in his choice. When Sartre that we make ourselves, what he meant is that through our actions and decisions we are forming our identity. FREEDOM In saying â€Å"You are unable to judge others†, it is true in one sense and false in the other. Whenever a man chooses his decisions and purpose, it is now impossible to choose another one. It is true in the sense that we do not believe in progress. The goal of freedom is to judge the logical value and not a judgment of value. They also search for the real meaning of freedom. How can the existentialists form judgment? By saying that he deceives himself and by doing that you are having good faith. â€Å"One can choose anything, but only if it is upon the plane of free commitment. † With this, we can conclude that selecting choices involving the commitment of oneself. INVENTION OF VALUES His response is an analogy, â€Å"if I have excluded God the Father, there must be somebody to invent values. † He disagrees on the kind of humanism that takes man as an end. He says so because man is still to be determined and should be considered as an end. What he meant by â€Å"Transcendence† is a man’s relation to his world and that of the people around him. Because man wants to surpass what he has done, he is in the center of his transcendence. A man can realize himself as truly human when he decides for himself, always seek truth and beyond himself and having an aim of some particular realization. CONCLUSION From his point of view, even if God did not exist, it would make no difference. Because for existentialists the real problem is how man will be able to find himself to in order to save himself, by not giving full reliance of God’s existence. Existentialism is a doctrine of action in a way that they confine their own despair with existentialists that Christians can describe them as without hope.

Nonsense poem Essay

Jabberwocky is a nonsense poem authored by Lewis Carroll which is contained in his famous work Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There in 1871. As many literary scholars and critics argue, Jabberwocky is normally regarded to be one of the utmost â€Å"nonsense poems† worked out in the English language. But though it is termed as nonsense poem, it is employed in various schools to educate learners on the application of portmanteaux. The poem is comprised of various terminologies and expressions that do not really have equivalent meanings in the English language. The words used by Carroll’s throughout the poem are mainly combinations of different words which are fused into one expression or term. As Jabberwocky revolves on a legend of a fictional monster and how it is slain in the tale, it suggests a very imaginary and unreal story and events which complements the structure of the poem with nonsensical terms. According to literary scholars, the original purpose of the Jabberwocky and its structure is directed towards Carroll’s criticisms against pompous and â€Å"ignorant literary critics. † Nevertheless, after the publication of it, it became a subject for different literary interpretations and even used in schools for some literary discussions and appreciations. The Jabberwocky conveys every possible fictional characters and events which are harmonized by the inclusion of superfluous nonsense expressions and terminologies. But no matter how unconventional it may appear, the effect of Jabberwocky impacts the society form culture to education which makes it a very popular culture since its publication. The unintentional and unexpected outcome which the poem produces strengthens and proves the uncertainty and unpredictable character of a potential great literary work. Reference Carroll, L. & Stewart, J. (2003). Jabberwocky. Candlewick.

Free Essays on Family History

we used. I can recall an incident when I bought a coke at the concession stand. I asked the cashier for a coke not thinking it would confuse her in anyway. She replied, â€Å"What kind of soda pop would you like?† I was puzzled by her remark and answered by saying, â€Å"just a coke please.† Right away, I could tell by the cashier’s facial expression that she found a great deal of humor in my comment. â€Å"We only sell Pepsi products so I’m guessing you just want a Pepsi,† said the cashier. To this day I am still not sure why, but I was furious by her comment. Nevertheless, at that moment I realized that where you are from has an effect on you language. Over the years, the game of lacrosse has grown rapidly in the south. It seems like e... Free Essays on Family History Free Essays on Family History Every Sunday in America, there are millions of people glued to the TV set rooting for their hometown football team. One gets pride from his or her hometown that ignites a fire inside everyone’s soul. Indeed, we are all Americans, but we are all different in little ways that help keep America a melting pot. Whether you are from the north, south, east, or west everyone is affected by his or her hometown in someway. My family originated in different parts of New England, and over the years, everyone has settled down in their own hometown all across the south. It never occurred to me the significant of my hometown until I left the south for the first time to attend a hockey camp in Minnesota. There I noticed northern people talked different, played different sports, and ate different food. After my arrival in Minneapolis, Minnesota, we traveled three hours north to Deerwood, Minnesota. The long drive showed me many parts of the unknown Minnesota countryside that ironically reminded me of home. Throughout the week, the other boys in the camp began to notice the differences in the â€Å"southern boys† to the rest of the kids. They were constantly commenting on our strange accents and the bizarre words we used. I can recall an incident when I bought a coke at the concession stand. I asked the cashier for a coke not thinking it would confuse her in anyway. She replied, â€Å"What kind of soda pop would you like?† I was puzzled by her remark and answered by saying, â€Å"just a coke please.† Right away, I could tell by the cashier’s facial expression that she found a great deal of humor in my comment. â€Å"We only sell Pepsi products so I’m guessing you just want a Pepsi,† said the cashier. To this day I am still not sure why, but I was furious by her comment. Nevertheless, at that moment I realized that where you are from has an effect on you language. Over the years, the game of lacrosse has grown rapidly in the south. It seems like e...

How Many Glasses Are in a Gallon of Water

How Many Glasses Are in a Gallon of Water SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Research suggests that there are numerous health benefits to drinking water, including increased energy, weight loss, improved skin complexion, and more. Water's many benefits are well-known and often touted, but how much water should we actually aim to drink in a day? One common recommendation is to drink a gallon of water in a day. In this article, I'll cover how many glasses in a gallon for standard and non-standard glasses and talk about how many glasses of water in a gallon you should actually drink each day. How Many Glasses in a Gallon: Standard Glass A gallon contains 128 ounces. A standard glass contains eight ounces. So, one gallon equals 16 eight ounce glasses of water. How Many Glasses in a Gallon: Non-Standard Glass Other common types of glassware include pint glasses, which normally hold 16 ounces, or smaller, lowball glasses which hold between four to eight ounces, depending on the glass. Since a pint glass holds 16 ounces, and a gallon is 128 ounces, one gallon equals eight pint glasses. A gallon holds 32 4-ounce lowball glasses, approximately 21.3 6-ounce lowball glasses, and 16 eight ounce lowball glasses. In order to find out how many glasses of a particular size are in the gallon, you can divide 128 (the number of ounces in a gallon) by the number of ounces your glass holds. How Much Water Should You Drink in a Day? Now that we know how many glasses of water are in a gallon, let's discuss how much water you should drink a day. The Mayo Clinic recommends that average, healthy adults living in temperate climates drink eight standard glasses of water a day, which is half of the 16 standard glasses of water that make up a gallon. If you're extremely active, dehydrated, or live in a more arid part of the world, you'll want to increase the amount of water you consume every day. People who sweat a lot are more likely to need to drink a gallon of water every day than people who have a normal, moderate activity level. The bottom line- you should aim to drink at least eight glasses of water every day to receive health benefits such as increase hydration, better sleep, and more. If you're highly active, consider upping the amount of water you consume to one gallon to replace the fluids you lose while sweating. What's Next? Looking for more liquid measure answers? Find out how many cups are in four quarts here.

Biological Roots of Criminal Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Biological Roots of Criminal Behavior - Essay Example Biological roots of criminal behavior lost much of its ground during the Second World War, largely discredited by Nazi Germany’s eugenics and the discriminatory treatment of ethnic groups and races that were determined to be predisposed to deviance and thus mercilessly removed from society (Rafter, 2009). However, during the latter part of the 20th century, biological explanations of criminal behavior have been making a comeback (Rafter, 2009). Biological explanations of criminal behavior have been largely influenced by investments in genetic studies are developing impressively and threatening to â€Å"break the monopoly† of sociological explanations (Rafter, 2010, p. 199). The emphasis on genetics was spurred by a determination to understand, predict and prevent â€Å"harms of all types† from â€Å"cancer to terrorism to criminality† (Rafter, 2009, p. 199). The renewed interest in biocriminology has resulted in a number of theoretical assumptions. For ins tance, Robinson et al (2008) identified the progress made in scientific understandings of the connection between genes, the human brain and corresponding social conduct. According to Robinson et al (2008), the link is explained by reference to â€Å"two key vectors of influence† (p. 896). ... According to McInerney (1999) even if it were possible to explain social behavior by virtue of gene functioning and gene expression, environmental influences have a significant influence on factors that give way to criminal behavior. These factors are self-control, motives and any number of factors that function independent of an individual’s genetic make-up (McInerney, 1999). Human behavior is therefore a complex area of study and the factors contributing to criminal behavior are many. There is no single biological factor, nor is there a single environmental factor that causes criminal behavior. The most reasonable conclusion is that there are number of biological factors that interact with a number of environmental and social factors that lead to criminal behavior (Hamer, 2002). Hagan (2011) therefore suggested that biological theories of criminal behavior â€Å"will never replace social etiology† (p. 140). What we are left with is determining the â€Å"psychological , biological, and sociological factors† and how they â€Å"interact to produce crime and delinquency† (Hagan, 2011, p. 140). Mainstream criminologists are slow to embrace the concept of biological factors as appropriate explanations of criminal behavior. Perceptions among mainstream criminologists are that accepting biological explanations of criminal behavior is regressive. Biocriminology requires going back to antiquated ideals of the natural born criminal and accepting that criminal behavior is somehow sick rather than criminal. Thus one is expected to ignore the reality that crime is essentially a conflict between law and behavior and as such can be corrected by rehabilitation and/or punishment (Hagan, 2011). During the Victorian Era, scientific

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Global Warming - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is Global Warming as a constant problem. We have to turn off greenhouse gases now in order to avoid catastrophe in decades to come. If global temperatures rise by four degrees by century’s end, sea levels will rise five to six meters due to the melting of our polar ice caps. It’s time to connect the dots from those remote Arctic regions to our cities, towns, and backyards. Let’s consider what the future might look like if global warming continues unchecked. According to recent studies Americans rank climate change as the country’s most critical environmental problem. Current observations of global warming related data have solidified the speculation that it is positively an enhanced greenhouse effect that is causing the world to warm. The planet has experienced the biggest increase in surface temperature over the last century. Between 2003 and 2006, the Earth’s average surface temperature rose between 0.6 to 0.9 de grees Celsius; the last 50 years saw the temperature increase rate almost doubling. Sea levels have shown a rise of about 0.17 meters during the twentieth century. Low-lying coastal regions, with thick population, are especially susceptible to climate shifts, with the poorer countries and small island nations having the hardest time adapting. It has been estimated that by 2080, 13 to 88 million people around the world would lose their home to floods. This research will demonstrate that there are numerous opinions on the causes of climate change. Are they manmade or natural? Global warming is a convoluted subject. It’s easy to get confused by all the scientific arguments and conflicting claims. The purpose of this research is to attempt to get the scientific community to agree that global warming related variables can be combated more efficiently with better cooperation. Take politics, economics, greed, and self interests of various governments out of the debate and merely foc us on the facts, and labeling the problem whatever you desire, can and will support worldwide comprehensive improvements. Problem Statement: Global Warming is a constant problem. We have to turn off greenhouse gases now in order to avoid catastrophe in decades to come. If global temperatures rise by four degrees by century’s end, sea levels will rise five to six meters due to the melting of our polar ice caps. It’s time to connect the dots from those remote Arctic regions to our cities, towns, and backyards. Let’s consider what the future might look like if global warming continues unchecked. Rationale for the Research: This is an issue that is approached very differently by the scientific community. This topic could affect all living organisms, the environment not just in the United States, but the entire world. From 2003 to

Module project part 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Module project part 1 - Assignment Example This is because depending on the type of business that an investor wants to introduce to a particular emerging market, there may be peculiar risks and challenges that must be taken care of to ensure guaranteed success and growth. Apart from the nature of business, the vision that the investor carries is also very important in determining risk because each vision may have its own challenges that it must seek to overcome in order to achieve success. In line with this understanding, this module paper is prepared for the company, which is currently seeking to enter Mexico as an emerging market. As part of ways of benefiting fully from the market, a comprehensive vision statement, description of the target market and risk and their mitigations shall be outlined. Vision Statement The vision statement of the company is to become a company whose success is build on an enablement created for the customer to do business with us by ensuring quality and price competitiveness. Description of Mexi co as an Emerging Market Political Factors Politically, Mexico has been found to possess very low foreign debt, which makes it possible for the government to have a very huge budget reserve that is used in the financing of various businesses, especially foreign direct investment (Rutherford, 2005). Due to this, the government has for long practiced macroeconomic policies that focus on bringing about industry wide economic leverage, instead of organizational level leverage. As part of such macroeconomic policies, investors in Mexico benefit from lower tax rates, easy access to government assisted loans, low inflation, and sufficient state protection for legally registered businesses. These political factors have made most multinational companies whose focus has been on short term expansion to look to Mexico, knowing that the political ground has been laid for business to take place in a more welcoming atmosphere (Morris and Pavett, 2002). Economic Factors Economically, Mexico has bee n given a country rating of A4 by global Edge, which is a company rating firm that seeks to compare countries one to other in terms of viability in doing business in these countries (Davidson and Burke, 2004). A major economic advantage that Mexico has been identified to have is the fact that it has a ready market with the United States, which is responsible for 80% of all exports from Mexico (Schuler, 2006). For business owners who are in the manufacturing sector like the company in question, the benefit is that exportation of finished products will not pose much of a problem for the company. Mexico has however been criticized for having a weaker exchange rate, that makes importation expensive in that country. Acquisition of raw material has therefore being a problem for most manufacturers (Hall, 2006). Social Factors Socially, Mexico’s population has been described as commercially informed (Rutherford, 2005). What this means is that the population understands the basic rudi ments in conducting business and get themselves actively involved in the business market. The major factor that accounts for this is the high literacy level in the country with the aim of the government in achieving 100% enrolment with a universal compulsory education scheme. Because most of the people are

International Relations Essays Terrorism Definition Solutions

International Relations Essays Terrorism Definition Solutions Terrorism: An Exploration Of Its Definition, History, And Possible Solutions Terrorism upsets people. It does so deliberately. Thatis its point and that is why it has engrossed so much of ourattention in the early years of the 21st century. Townshend Ask any tenindividuals on the streets of London, Paris, Moscow, or New York for the topthree issues facing the world today and one common response is likely to be terrorism.Inquire further about how the same people would define terrorism, whenterrorism began, and how terrorism can be stopped and you will probably befaced with a myriad of answers, or maybe just looks of puzzlement. The range ofresponses (or lack thereof) from the public should not be surprising. Not evenexperts agree on responses to these seemingly fundamental questions on an issueof such importance to worldwide security, an issue that Thackrah suggests isone of the most intractable global problems at the start of the twenty-firstcentury. This essaybegins by surveying the vast array of definitions for the term terrorism,providing some insight into the reasons that terrorism is so difficult forexperts to define, and adopting a working definition for the term. Thehistorical roots of terrorism will then be explored and results of a review ofselected literature on possible solutions for dealing with terrorism will beintroduced. Finally, a conclusion discussing the results of the literaturereview will be presented. Terrorism Defined What is terrorism? The definitionassigned to the term very much depends on who you ask, although, as Hoffmanwrites, few words have so insidiously worked their way in to our everydayvocabulary.Oots writes that terrorism has been defined in different ways by variousscholars.Hoffman suggests that most individuals have vague notions of what the termmeans, but cannot offer precise, explanatory definitions. The TerrorismResearch Center claims that [t]errorism by nature is difficult to define.Townshend writes that both politicians and scholars have been hung up inattempting to define terrorism in a way that distinguishes it from othercriminal violence and even military action.Complicating attempts to define terrorism, the meaning and usage of the termhave changed over the years.Complications aside, most people would agree that terrorism is a subjectiveterm with negative connotations, a pejorative term, used to describe the actsof enemies or opponents. The term has moral connotations and can be used topersuade others to adopt a particular viewpoint. For instance, if an individualsympathises with the victims of terrorism, then the perpetrator is consideredto be a terrorist, but if an individual sympathises with the perpetrator, thenthe perpetrator is considered to be a freedom fighter or is referred to byequally positive characterisations.About this, the Terrorism Research Center writes: One mans terrorist isanother mans freedom fighter.Whittaker distinguishes between terrorists, guerrillas, and freedom fighters inwriting: the terrorist targets civilians; the guerrilla goes for militarypersonnel and facilities; and the freedom fighter conducts a campaign toliberate his people from dictatorial oppression, gross disarmament, or the gripof an occupying power. One author includedover one hundred definitions for the term terrorism.Another quoted over ninety definitions and descriptions.The definitions range from those that are quite simplistic to those that areequally comprehensive. The following definitions are illustrative of the broadrange of thought: Terrorism is violence for purposes of creating fear. Terrorism is politically and socially motivated violence. Terrorism is political violence in or against true democracies. Terrorism may be described as a strategy of violence designed toinspire terror within a particular segment of a given society. Terrorism is the most amoral of organised violence. Terrorism is a form of warfareused when full-scale militaryaction is not possible. Terrorism is a method of action by which an agent tends to produceterror in order to impose his domination. Terrorism is the systematic use of coercive intimidation,usually to service political ends. It is used to create a climate of fear. Terrorism is the threat or use of violence, often against thecivilian population, to achieve political or social ends, to intimidateopponents, or to publicise grievances. Terrorism is the use of coercive means aimed at populations inan effort to achieve political, religious, or other aims. Terrorism is politically motivated violence perpetrated againstnon-combatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usuallyintended to influence an audience. Whittakerexplores the complexity of defining terrorism by furnishing a comprehensivelist of terrorism criteria: The violence or threat of violence inherent in terrorism ispremeditated and politically motivated for the purpose of intimidating orcoercing a government or the public in general. The strategy of terrorism is to instil fear and insecurity. Sustained campaigns or sporadic incidents are applied byterrorists in conducting their unlawful activities. Calculated use of violence is applied against civilian,non-combatant targets. Acquiring, manipulating, and employing power is at the root ofterrorism. Revolutionary terrorism attempts to completely change the politicalsystem within a state; sub-revolutionary terrorism attempts to effect changewithout totally replacing the existing political system. Terrorism consists of carefully planned goals, means, targets,and access conducted in a clandestine manner. The goals of terrorism focus on political, social, ideological,or religious ends. This distinguishes terrorism from other criminal activity. Terrorism is conducted occasionally by individuals, but mostoften by sub-national groups. An important objective of terrorism is to obtain maximumpublicity. Increasingly, terrorist zones of action are extending beyondnational borders, becoming transnational in effect. The vast number of definitions proposed for the term terrorism might makeone wonder if there could ever be agreement around a common definition. Forwithout a common understanding about what terrorism is, how can it bechallenged and ultimately removed as a threat to modern civilisation? Despitethe many definitions for terrorism, there does seem to be an emerging consensuson the definition of the term, according to Jenkins.For instance, Enders and Sandler offer the following comprehensive definitionof terrorism: Terrorism isthe premeditated use or threat of use of extranormal violence or brutality bysubnational groups to obtain a political, religious, or ideological objectivethrough intimidation of a huge audience, usually not directly involved with thepolicy making that terrorists seek to influence. Enders and Sandlersdefinition will be used for the purpose of this essay not only because it is anexample of a current consensus description, but also because it containscriteria suggested by other definitions surveyed in the literature review -violence or threats of violence; intimidation of large civilian audiences; desireto influence; subnational terrorist groupings; and political, religious, orideological objectives. Historical Roots of Terrorism Colin Gray writes thatterrorism is as old as strategic history.The roots of terrorism can be traced back in time to ancient Greece, andterrorist acts have occurred throughout history since that time. The termterrorism, however, originated in the French Revolutions Reign of Terrorand was popularised at that time.Terrorism in this era carried a very positive connotation as it was undertakenin an effort to establish order during the anarchy that followed uprisings inFrance in 1789. It was considered to be an instrument of governance institutedto intimidate counter-revolutionaries, dissidents and subversives and wasassociated with the ideals of democracy and virtue. In fact, according toHoffman, the revolutionary leader Maximillien Robespierre claimed that virtue,without which terror is evil; terror, without which virtue is helpless andthat [t]error is nothing but justice, prompt, severe and inflexible; it is thereforean emanation of virtue. Terrorism at thestart of the twentieth century retained the revolutionary connotations it hadacquired during the French Revolution as it took aim on the Ottoman andHabsburg Empires. In the 1930s, the meaning of terrorism mutated to describeactivities of totalitarian governments and their leaders against theircitizenry in Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Stalinist Russia. For instance,in Germany and Italy, gangs of brown shirts or black shirts harassed andintimidated opponents, although leaders of these nations denied that thisoccurred. After World War II, the meaning of terrorism changed once again,returning to its revolutionary connotations where it remains today. Terrorist activitiesin the 1940s and 1950s primarily focused on revolts by indigenous nationalistgroups opposing colonial rule in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, resultingin independence for many countries. Although terrorism retained itsrevolutionary connotation in the 1960s and 1970s, the focus shifted fromanti-coloni alist to separatist goals. Today, terrorism involves broader, lessdistinct goals.The right-wing and left-wing terrorism that became widespread in recent times includedacts by diverse groups such as the Italian Red Brigades; the Irish RepublicanArmy; the Palestine Liberation Organisation; the Shining Path in Peru; theLiberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in Sri Lanka; the Weatherman in the UnitedStates; various militia organisations, also in the United States; radicalMuslims through Hamas and Al Quaeda; radical Sikhs in India; and the AumShinrikyo in Japan.Some governments, such as those in Iran, Iraq, Libya, and Syria, are also consideredto be involved in terrorism as sponsors of terrorist activities.Some people, such as American dissident Noam Chomsky, contend that thegovernment of the United States is engaged in terrorism, as exemplified by thetitle of Chomskys 2001 article entitled U.S.A Leading Terrorist State,which appeared in the Monthly Review. Terrorism associatedwith the French Revolution had two important characteristics in common withterrorism today. Firstly, terrorism was, and is today, organised, deliberate,and systematic. Secondly, the goals of terrorism then and now were and are tocreate a new, better society.But, terrorism today has changed in some very fundamental ways: (1) terroristorganisations have evolved into network forms and are less often organised inhierarchies; (2) the identities of transnational terrorist organisations areharder to identify because they claim responsibility for specific acts lessoften; (3) todays terrorist groups do not make demands as often as in the pastand their goals appear to be more hazy and vague; (4) motives have generallyshifted from those that are more politically-oriented to those that are morereligiously-oriented; (5) targets of terrorists are more dispersed around theglobe; and (6) terrorist violence, today, is more indiscriminate, involvingsignificant collateral damage to the public. With thishistorical foundation, particularly the description of the evolution ofterrorism into its current form, the focus now shifts to possible solutions todealing with the issue today. Possible Solutions to Terrorism To effectively meet thechallenges of terrorism, one should consider the history of terrorism, but mustalso look to the future. Kress and colleagues contend that terrorism isincreasing in geographical scope, numerical frequency, and intensity as wellas in ingenuity and subtlety. They suggest that these trends could welltranslate into more varied threats and more powerful tools and weapons, addingthat bombs will get smaller and more powerful, poisons and mind-blowing drugsmore insidious, psychological techniques for converting or brainwashing thevictims more effective, and psychological tortures more agonizing. Ian Lesser offers acomprehensive approach for meeting the challenges of terrorism. His approachconsists of a core strategy and supporting strategies aimed at targetingsecurity threats posed by terrorists within a context of global securitythreats from all sources. Lessers core strategy consists of four components:(1) reducing systemic causes of terrorism, (2) deterring terrorists and theirsponsors, (3) reducing risks associated with superterrorism, and (4)retaliating in instances where deterrence fails. In reducing system causes ofterrorism, Lesser is referring to the long-term goal of addressing issues thatgive rise to terrorism such as social and economic problems, unresolved ethnicand nationalist conflicts, frustrated political ambitions, and personalexperiences of individuals who may become future terrorists. In deterringterrorists and their sponsors, Lesser suggests taking massive and personalactions against terrorist leadership, although he concedes that this is becomingmore an d more difficult as terrorists and their sponsors become more diverseand diffuse. In reducing risks associated with superterrorism, Lesser callsfor eliminating weapons of mass destruction that terrorists could use ininflicting destruction and suffering. And, finally, in retaliating whendeterrence fails, Lesser suggests developing the means to retaliate quickly andspecifically to terrorist activities. One of Lessersstrategies supporting his core strategy is environmental shaping, whichinvolves exposing sponsors of terrorism to global scrutiny and isolation;shrinking the zones of chaos and terrorist sanctuary; includingcounterterrorism as an integral component of strategic alliances; limitingglobal exposure; and targeting terrorist networks and funding. His hedgingstrategy involves hardening key policies and strategies to limit risks ofterrorism, increasing ground and space-based surveillance of terroristresources, and preparing to mitigate the effects of terrorism to limit negativeeffects. Kress andassociates reiterate the first component of Lessers core strategy in offeringtheir proactive approach to dealing with terrorism; specifically, addressinggenuine political injustice and resolving supposed injustices.Chalk contends that a state response to terrorism must be limited,well-defined and controlled to avoid compromising the political and civiltraditions that are central to the liberal democratic way of life. He suggeststhat any liberal democratic response to terrorism has to rest on oneoverriding maxim: a commitment to uphold and maintain constitutional principlesof law and order. Conclusion The long history ofterrorism, dating as far back as ancient Greece, suggests that this phenomenon maynever be eliminated as a tactic by those people or groups without sufficient formallegal power to achieve their goals. However, this does not imply that terrorismcannot be engaged proactively and reactively. Logically, it seems that thefirst step should be to agree on a universally-accepted definition forterrorism because, without a consensus on the meaning of the term, effectivelyaddressing its causes and its effects may be difficult at best and impossibleat worst. With a consensusdefinition in hand, the comprehensive strategy for dealing with terrorismproposed by Lesser reduction in systemic causes, deterrence, superterrorismrisk reduction, and retaliation would appear to offer the most balanced,effective approach. Todays leaders should realise that offensive and defensivemilitary action, so typical of traditional warfare, is quite ineffective as asole method for dealing with modern forms of terrorism as demonstrated byfailures experienced by Israel in dealing with the Palestinian terroristproblem and the greater-than-expected difficulties experienced by the UnitedStates, the United Kingdom, and others in ridding the world of radical Islamicterrorists. These efforts may not only fail to ultimately deal effectively withpreventing terrorist activities, but may also produce more terrorists who are offendedby military actions. Alternatively, a holistic approach one which includesproactive prevention and reactive punishment measures such as the approachadvocated by Lesser should be employed. In any solution to theglobal problem of terrorism, the cautionary advice offered by Peter Chalkshould be considered; that is, political and civil liberties should not besacrificed in responding to the terrorist threat. For the very way of life thegovernments of free societies are trying to protect in their attempts to combatterrorism could be compromised by actions that are not limited, well-definedand controlled. Interestingly, this thought was eloquently proffered more thantwo centuries ago by American inventor, journalist, printer, andstatesman Benjamin Franklin in warning that [t]hose who would give upessential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neitherliberty nor safety. Therecommendation, then, is to deal with terrorism in a holistic, balanced mannerstressing proactive and reactive measures whilst preserving political and civilliberties. References Bassiouni,M. Terrorism, Law Enforcement and the Mass Media: Perspectives, Problems,Proposals, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 72:1 (1981).Cited in Thackrah (2004). Bergesen, Albert J., and Han, Yi. New Directions forTerrorism Research. International Journal of Comparative Sociology46:1-2 (2005). Bite, V. InternationalTerrorism. Foreign Affairs Division, Library of Congress, Appendix of U.S.Congress, Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Washington, DC: GovernmentPrinting Office, 1975. Cited in Thackrah (2004). Chalk,Peter. The Response to Terrorism as a Threat to Liberal Democracy. TheAustralian Journal of Politics and History 44:3 (1998). Chomsky, N. U.S. ALeading Terrorist State. Monthly Review 53 (2001): 10-19. Cited inBergesen and Han (2005). Enders, W., and Sandler, T. Patterns of TransnationalTerrorism, 1970 1999: Alternative Time-Series Estimates. InternationalStudies Quarterly 46 (2002): 145-65. Cited in Bergesen and Han (2005). Fromkin, David. TheStrategy of Terrorism. In Contemporary Terrorism: Selected Readings,John D. Elliot and Leslie K. Gibson, eds. Gaithersburg, Maryland: InternationalAssociation of Chiefs of Police, 1978. Gray, ColinS. Modern Strategy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Heyman, P.B. Terrorism and America: A Commonsense Strategy for a Democratic Society. Cambridge,Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1998. Cited in Thackrah (2004). Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism.New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. Jenkins, B. M. Terrorism and Beyond: A 21st CenturyPerspective. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 24 (2001): 321-27. Citedin Bergesen and Han. New Directions for Terrorism Research. InternationalJournal of Comparative Sociology 46:1-2 (2005). Kress,Bruce, Livingston, Marius H., and Wanek, Marie G. International Terrorism inthe Contemporary World. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1978. Lesser, Ian.Countering the New Terrorism: Implications for Strategy. In Countering theNew Terrorism, Hoffman et al., eds.Santa Monica, California: Rand,1999. Mallin, Jay. Terrorismas a Military Weapon. In Contemporary Terrorism: Selected Readings, JohnD. Elliot and Leslie K. Gibson, eds. Gaithersburg, Maryland: InternationalAssociation of Chiefs of Police, 1978. Cited in Oots (1986). Oots, Kent Layne. PoliticalOrganization Approach to Transnational Terrorism. New York: GreenwoodPress, 1986. Ruby, C. L. TheDefinition of Terrorism. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 2(1)(2002): 9-14. Cited in Bergesen and Han (2005). TerrorismResearch Center, What is the Definition of Terrorism? (n.d.) Availablefrom: Charles Townshend, Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 2002).